Redness, swelling, and pain in the eye: Warning signs of uveitis, requiring prompt examination.

Causes of uveitis (inflammation of the uvea)

Iritis is an inflammation of the iris – the colored area surrounding the pupil, located behind the cornea. It is also known as anterior uveitis. Depending on the duration, iritis is classified into two types: acute and chronic. Acute iritis usually lasts less than 3 months and tends to resolve gradually, while chronic iritis lasts more than 3 months.

The disease can be caused by many different factors, including:

• Infection: Bacteria, viruses, or fungi enter the eye, causing inflammation of the uvea.
• Eye injuries: Accidents, impacts, or foreign objects entering the eye can cause damage and inflammation.
• Genetic factors: Some people have a genetic predisposition that increases their risk of developing the disease.
• Autoimmune diseases: Diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjögren's syndrome can cause uveitis due to immune system disorders.
• Other conditions: Behçet's disease and sarcoidosis are also possible causes of uveitis.
• Exposure to irritants: Eye drops, chemicals, or other irritants.
• Environmental factors: Cigarette smoke, air pollution, and other environmental agents.

Symptoms of uveitis

Iritis can manifest with various symptoms, varying in severity depending on the case:

• Redness, swelling, and pain in the eye: These are the most common symptoms.
• Fever and rash: Some patients may experience fever or a rash around the eyes.
• Photosensitivity: Light increases the sensation of pain and discomfort; this may be accompanied by excessive tearing.
• Red eyes, blurred vision: Decreased vision, unclear field of vision.
• A feeling of grittiness, irritation, or burning sensation in the eye, as if there is a foreign object inside.

These symptoms require early examination and diagnosis by an ophthalmologist to avoid complications.

Consequences of untreated uveitis

If left untreated, iritis can lead to several dangerous complications:

• Impaired or lost vision: Prolonged inflammation damages the structures within the eye.
• Cataracts: Uncontrolled inflammation causes the lens of the eye to become cloudy.
• Pupil distortion: Inflammatory scarring alters the shape and function of the pupil.
• Increased intraocular pressure: Especially in cases of recurrent disease.
• Retinal edema: Causes blurred vision and reduced central vision.
• Corneal degeneration: Causes severe vision impairment.
• Severe infections: Severe cases can threaten vision and overall health and require urgent medical intervention.

Proper treatment and eye care for uveitis.

Treatment for iritis requires strict adherence to the doctor's instructions. Some commonly used measures include:

• Use eye drops: Medications containing steroids or anti-inflammatory drugs can help reduce inflammation and symptoms.
• Daily eye hygiene: Use a clean cotton ball dampened with warm water to gently wipe the eye area to remove discharge and debris.
• Give your eyes a break: Limit continuous screen time and avoid bright lights.
• Use artificial tears: This helps reduce dryness, irritation, and blurred vision.
• Adhere to treatment: Take medication at the correct dose and for the correct duration as directed by your doctor.
• Holistic healthcare: Eating a balanced diet, getting enough sleep, and exercising regularly.
• Regular eye exams: Help monitor disease progression and adjust treatment plans promptly.
• Avoid irritants: Limit exposure to chemicals, cigarette smoke, and polluted environments.